The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly the emergence of large models, has ushered in unprecedented opportunities within the medical field. The application of open-source large models enables more efficient utilization of data in medical research and clinical practice, enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment. This review outlines the current status of AI large models in medicine, exploring their potential in disease prediction, image analysis, and personalized treatment. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges faced by these technologies and discusses future development directions, emphasizing the need for improved methodologies and collaborative efforts to maximize their impact on healthcare.