/* ============================================================
   Journal masthead + article template (2026-10 redesign)
   ============================================================ */
:root{
  --ix-ink:#153540;--ix-muted:#61767A;--ix-border:#C6DDDE;--ix-deep:#164251;
  --ix-accent:#1B7D8B;--ix-paper:#FBFCFC;--ix-soft:#EDF6F5;--ix-serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --ix-sans:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
}
body{background:var(--ix-paper);color:var(--ix-ink);}

/* ---- journal masthead ---- */
.jm-head{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);}
.jm-head-inner{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:20px 24px 14px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:28px;}
.jm-title{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:40px;line-height:1.1;color:var(--ix-deep);text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:-.3px;}
.jm-title:hover{text-decoration:none;color:var(--ix-accent);}
.jm-id{text-align:left;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--ix-muted);line-height:1.55;min-width:250px;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px;background:#fff;}
.jm-id p{margin:0;}
.jm-id-name{font-weight:700;color:var(--ix-deep);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.2px;}
.jm-id-links a{color:var(--ix-accent);margin-right:10px;font-size:11px;}
.jm-nav{border-top:1px solid var(--ix-soft);background:#fff;}
.jm-nav-inner{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;min-height:46px;}
.jm-nav-inner > a{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-ink);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;padding:14px 0;}
.jm-nav-inner > a:hover{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.jm-nav-right{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;}
.jm-nav-right a{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;}
.jm-register{background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff !important;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:4px;}
.jm-register:hover{background:var(--ix-accent);}

/* ---- article template ---- */
.av2{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);}
.av2-wrap{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:36px 24px 72px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:56px;align-items:start;}
.av2-crumbs{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 18px;}
.av2-crumbs a{color:var(--ix-muted);text-decoration:none;}
.av2-title{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:42px;line-height:1.16;font-weight:700;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 22px;letter-spacing:-.2px;}
.av2-authors{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:15px;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.7;}
.av2-sec h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:8px;margin:34px 0 16px;}
.av2-abstract{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.72;color:var(--ix-ink);text-align:justify;margin:0;}
.av2-metabar{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;margin:22px 0 0;}
.av2-tag{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.6px;text-transform:uppercase;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:4px;padding:4px 9px;color:var(--ix-muted);text-decoration:none;}
.av2-license-box{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:8px;padding:12px 14px;margin:18px 0 0;background:#fff;}
.av2-license-box p{margin:0;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;color:var(--ix-ink);line-height:1.5;}
.av2-cc{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:2px;background:#000;color:#fff;border-radius:3px;padding:3px 6px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.5px;white-space:nowrap;}
.av2-cc span{font-size:9px;}
.av2-copyright{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:14px 0 0;}
.av2-cite{border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:8px;padding:16px 18px;margin:26px 0 0;background:var(--ix-soft);}
.av2-cite h3{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);margin:0 0 10px;}
.av2-cite-text{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 14px;word-break:break-word;}
.av2-cite-actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.av2-btn{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;padding:9px 14px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--ix-deep);}
.av2-btn-dark{background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;}
.av2-btn-dark:hover{background:var(--ix-accent);border-color:var(--ix-accent);color:#fff;}
.av2-btn-ghost{background:#fff;color:var(--ix-deep);}
.av2-btn-ghost:hover{background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;}
.av2-refs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;counter-reset:ref;}
.av2-refs li{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 12px;padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em;word-break:break-word;}
.av2-refs li::before{counter-increment:ref;content:counter(ref) ". ";color:var(--ix-muted);}
.av2-side{position:sticky;top:16px;}
.av2-cover{display:block;position:relative;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 14px;background:#fff;}
.av2-cover img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;}
.av2-cover span{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(255,255,255,.92);font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);padding:6px 8px;}
.av2-card{border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;background:#fff;margin:0 0 14px;box-shadow:0 12px 26px rgba(17,24,39,.04);}
.av2-card-hd{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);margin:0;padding:12px 14px 0;}
.av2-card-bd{padding:10px 14px 14px;}
.av2-card-bd .av2-btn{display:block;text-align:center;background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;}
.av2-card-bd .av2-btn:hover{background:var(--ix-accent);}
.av2-dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:7px 12px;margin:0;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;}
.av2-dl dt{color:var(--ix-muted);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:2px;}
.av2-dl dd{margin:0;color:var(--ix-ink);word-break:break-word;}
.av2-dl a{color:var(--ix-accent);text-decoration:none;}
.av2-doi{font-size:11px;}
.av2-chip{display:inline-block;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:999px;padding:3px 9px;margin:0 5px 6px 0;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;color:var(--ix-deep);background:#fff;}
.av2-license-card p{margin:0 0 8px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.av2-license-card .av2-copy{color:var(--ix-ink);font-size:11px;}
@media (max-width:1100px){
  .av2-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px;}
  .av2-side{position:static;}
  .av2-title{font-size:32px;}
  .jm-title{font-size:30px;}
  .jm-head-inner{flex-direction:column;}
}
@media (max-width:640px){
  .av2-wrap{padding:22px 16px 48px;}
  .av2-title{font-size:26px;}
  .jm-nav-inner{overflow-x:auto;gap:16px;}
}


/* ---- journal home v2 ---- */
.jh2{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);}
.jh2-wrap{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:30px 24px 64px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 330px;gap:52px;align-items:start;}
.jh2-kicker{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:9px;margin:0 0 26px;}
.jh2-kicker em{font-style:normal;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.jh2-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr;gap:34px;align-items:center;margin:0 0 20px;}
.jh2-hero h1{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:50px;line-height:1.14;font-weight:400;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0;letter-spacing:-.5px;}
.jh2-hero-art{margin:0;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;}
.jh2-hero-art img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;}
.jh2-lead{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:16px;line-height:1.75;color:var(--ix-ink);max-width:56ch;margin:0 0 22px;}
.jh2-lead p{margin:0 0 10px;}
.jh2-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 8px;}
.jh2-link{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;}
.jh2-link:hover{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.jh2-band{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr .85fr;gap:16px;margin:34px 0 10px;}
.jh2-card{border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;padding:16px 16px 14px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 12px 26px rgba(17,24,39,.04);}
.jh2-card h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);margin:0 0 12px;font-weight:700;}
.jh2-ready ul{list-style:none;margin:0 0 12px;padding:0;}
.jh2-ready li{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--ix-soft);}
.jh2-ready em{font-style:normal;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:3px;padding:2px 6px;white-space:nowrap;}
.jh2-info{text-align:center;}
.jh2-info-title{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:17px;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.4px;margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.jh2-info-title em{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-style:normal;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--ix-muted);display:block;margin-top:6px;text-transform:uppercase;}
.jh2-info dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);gap:7px 12px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid var(--ix-soft);padding-top:12px;margin:0 0 12px;}
.jh2-info dt{color:var(--ix-muted);text-transform:uppercase;font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:1px;padding-top:2px;}
.jh2-info dd{margin:0;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.jh2-info small{font-size:10px;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.jh2-ann-lead{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 12px;}
.jh2-path{border-top:1px solid var(--ix-border);margin-top:26px;padding-top:22px;}
.jh2-path .jh2-kicker{border:0;margin:0 0 6px;padding:0;}
.jh2-path ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:14px;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:16px 0 14px;}
.jh2-path li{border-top:2px solid var(--ix-deep);padding-top:10px;}
.jh2-path b{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:22px;color:#9fb6b8;font-weight:400;}
.jh2-path strong{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.1px;margin:4px 0 3px;}
.jh2-path span{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--ix-muted);line-height:1.5;}
.jh2-side .jh2-vol{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:9px;margin:0 0 14px;}
.jh2-issue{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:26px;margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:400;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.jh2-issue-lead{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;color:var(--ix-muted);line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 16px;}
.jh2-arts{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.jh2-art{display:block;padding:12px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--ix-soft);text-decoration:none;}
.jh2-art-t{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.42;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.jh2-art:hover .jh2-art-t{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.jh2-art-m{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;color:var(--ix-muted);margin-top:5px;}
.jh2-side-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:9px;margin-top:16px;}
@media (max-width:1100px){
  .jh2-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:34px;}
  .jh2-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .jh2-hero h1{font-size:34px;}
  .jh2-band{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .jh2-path ol{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
}


/* ---- issue page v2 ---- */
.iv2{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);}
.iv2-wrap{max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto;padding:28px 24px 64px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;gap:48px;align-items:start;}
.iv2-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr);gap:26px;align-items:start;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:26px;}
.iv2-cover{margin:0;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;}
.iv2-cover img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;}
.iv2-kicker{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 8px;}
.iv2-issue{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:36px;line-height:1.16;margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--ix-ink);font-weight:400;}
.iv2-note{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 16px;max-width:64ch;}
.iv2-stats{display:flex;gap:30px;margin:0 0 18px;padding:0;}
.iv2-stats dt{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.iv2-stats dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.iv2-head-actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;}
.iv2-btn-dark,.iv2-btn-ghost,.iv2-btn{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;padding:9px 14px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;}
.iv2-btn-dark{background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;}
.iv2-btn-dark:hover{background:var(--ix-accent);color:#fff;}
.iv2-btn-ghost{background:#fff;color:var(--ix-deep);border:1px solid var(--ix-border);}
.iv2-btn-ghost:hover{border-color:var(--ix-deep);}
.iv2-btn{background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;}
.iv2-toc h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:9px;margin:30px 0 0;}
.iv2-row{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-soft);}
.iv2-badges{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;margin:0 0 9px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;}
.iv2-badge{background:var(--ix-soft);color:var(--ix-deep);border-radius:3px;padding:3px 7px;font-weight:700;}
.iv2-badge-ghost{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);color:var(--ix-muted);font-weight:600;}
.iv2-pages{color:var(--ix-muted);}
.iv2-title{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:22px;line-height:1.36;margin:0 0 12px;font-weight:700;}
.iv2-title a{color:var(--ix-ink);text-decoration:none;}
.iv2-title a:hover{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.iv2-row-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;margin:0;}
.iv2-side-text{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 8px;}
.iv2-empty{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:13px;color:var(--ix-muted);padding:18px 0;}
@media (max-width:1100px){
  .iv2-wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;}
  .iv2-head{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .iv2-cover{max-width:180px;}
  .iv2-issue{font-size:28px;}
  .iv2-title{font-size:19px;}
}


/* ---- content pages (editors, policies, search, announcements) ---- */
.content-page{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:34px 24px 64px;}
.content-page > .eyebrow{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 10px;}
.content-page .journal-subnav{display:none;}
.policy-paper h1{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:40px;line-height:1.16;font-weight:700;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 18px;letter-spacing:-.3px;}
.policy-paper h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:8px;margin:34px 0 14px;}
.policy-paper h3{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;margin:22px 0 8px;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.policy-paper p{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15px;line-height:1.72;color:var(--ix-ink);margin:0 0 12px;max-width:78ch;}
.policy-paper ul,.policy-paper ol{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15px;line-height:1.7;padding-left:1.3em;}
.policy-paper a{color:var(--ix-accent);text-decoration:underline;}
.policy-paper > p:first-of-type{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.editorial-board-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(280px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:22px 0 0;}
.editorial-profile{border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;padding:16px 18px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 12px 26px rgba(17,24,39,.04);}
.editorial-profile h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 6px;border:0;padding:0;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0;font-weight:700;}
.editorial-profile p{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--ix-muted);margin:0 0 6px;max-width:none;}
.editorial-profile p strong{color:var(--ix-deep);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;}
.advanced-search-form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(160px,1fr));gap:12px;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;padding:16px;background:#fff;margin:0 0 22px;}
.advanced-search-form label{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);display:block;}
.advanced-search-form input,.advanced-search-form select{width:100%;border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:6px;padding:8px 10px;font-size:13px;margin-top:5px;background:#fff;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.advanced-search-form button{grid-column:1/-1;justify-self:start;background:var(--ix-deep);color:#fff;border:0;border-radius:4px;padding:9px 16px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;}
.content-page .research-item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-soft);padding:16px 0;}
.content-page .research-item h3{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.4;margin:4px 0 6px;font-weight:700;}
.content-page .research-item h3 a{color:var(--ix-ink);text-decoration:none;}
.content-page .article-kicker{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.content-page .authors,.content-page .metadata{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;color:var(--ix-muted);}

/* ---- dark footer ---- */
footer{background:#0f2b33;color:#cfe0e2;border-top:0;padding:46px 0 0;margin-top:0;}
footer .footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:26px;padding-bottom:30px;}
footer .footer-brand .brand strong{color:#fff;letter-spacing:1.5px;}
footer .footer-brand .brand span{color:#7fd0d8;letter-spacing:1.5px;}
footer .footer-brand p,footer .footer-brand a{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;color:#9fb6b8;margin:2px 0;}
footer .footer-grid nav h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7fd0d8;margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;}
footer .footer-grid nav a{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12.5px;color:#cfe0e2;text-decoration:none;padding:3px 0;line-height:1.45;}
footer .footer-grid nav a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;}
footer .legal{border-top:1px solid rgba(127,208,216,.25);padding:16px 0 22px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 22px;align-items:center;}
footer .legal p{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;color:#9fb6b8;margin:0;}
footer .legal .text-link{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;color:#7fd0d8;text-decoration:none;}
@media (max-width:980px){footer .footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}}
@media (max-width:640px){footer .footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}

footer a{color:#9fb6b8;text-decoration:none;}
footer .footer-brand a{color:#7fd0d8;}
footer .footer-brand a:hover{color:#fff;text-decoration:underline;}
footer .legal a{color:#7fd0d8;}
.content-page .article-kicker a,.policy-paper .doi a{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.iv2-pages{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);}

/* ================= publisher portal (/, /journals, /about, /contact) ================= */
:root{--pb-paper:#F7F4EF;--pb-ink:#1C2B2E;--pb-muted:#6B7A7C;--pb-rule:#DAD3C7;--pb-accent:#1B7D8B;--pb-deep:#153540;}
body{background:var(--pb-paper);}
.site-header{background:var(--pb-paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--pb-rule);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:60;}
.site-header .header-inner{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px 28px;padding:16px 0 0;max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px;}
.site-header .brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:baseline;gap:7px;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:16px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:3.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;line-height:1;}
.site-header .brand span{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:3px;color:var(--pb-muted);}
.site-header .header-actions{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;}
.site-header .header-actions a{color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;padding-bottom:2px;}
.site-header .header-actions a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--pb-ink);}
.site-header .header-actions .search-link{padding-left:20px;position:relative;}
.site-header .header-actions .search-link::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:1px;width:9px;height:9px;border:1.4px solid var(--pb-ink);border-radius:50%;}
.site-header .header-actions .search-link::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:8px;top:9px;width:5px;height:1.4px;background:var(--pb-ink);transform:rotate(45deg);}
.site-header .menu-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:1px solid var(--pb-rule);border-radius:4px;padding:5px 9px;font-size:14px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;color:var(--pb-ink);}
.site-header #primary-navigation{order:3;flex:0 0 100%;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--pb-rule);margin-top:14px;padding:0 0 12px;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;}
.site-header #primary-navigation::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
.site-header #primary-navigation > a,.site-header .nav-dropdown{position:relative;color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;padding:12px 0 10px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;}
.site-header #primary-navigation > a:hover,.site-header .nav-dropdown:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--pb-deep);}
.site-header #primary-navigation > a[aria-current],.site-header #primary-navigation > a.active{border-bottom-color:var(--pb-deep);}
.site-header .dropdown-panel{display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;left:-14px;min-width:250px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--pb-rule);box-shadow:0 24px 48px rgba(21,53,64,.10);padding:10px 0;z-index:70;}
.site-header .nav-dropdown:hover .dropdown-panel,.site-header .nav-dropdown:focus-within .dropdown-panel{display:block;}
.site-header .dropdown-panel a{display:block;padding:7px 18px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.6px;text-transform:none;color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;}
.site-header .dropdown-panel a:hover{background:var(--pb-paper);color:var(--pb-accent);}

/* hero */
.publisher-hero{background:var(--pb-paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--pb-rule);padding:64px 0 60px;}
.publisher-hero .wrap{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.45fr) minmax(300px,.55fr);column-gap:64px;align-items:start;}
.publisher-hero h1{grid-column:1;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:clamp(40px,5.5vw,66px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-1.2px;font-weight:700;color:var(--pb-ink);margin:0 0 26px;max-width:22ch;}
.publisher-hero .hero-lead{grid-column:1;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.6;color:#3E5155;margin:0 0 26px;max-width:46ch;}
.publisher-hero .hero-actions{grid-column:1;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/4;align-self:end;border-top:1px solid var(--pb-rule);padding-top:20px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:112px minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;align-items:start;}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication img{width:112px;height:auto;display:block;box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(21,53,64,.18);}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication .eyebrow{margin:0 0 6px;}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:23px;margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.2;}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication h2 a{color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;}
.publisher-hero .hero-publication p{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--pb-muted);margin:0;}

/* shared bits */
.eyebrow{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--pb-accent);margin:0 0 10px;}
.button{display:inline-block;background:var(--pb-deep);color:#fff;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:12px 20px;border-radius:3px;text-decoration:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;}
.button:hover{background:#1B7D8B;}
.text-link{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--pb-accent);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;padding-bottom:2px;}
.text-link:hover{color:var(--pb-deep);}
.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--pb-rule);padding-bottom:12px;margin-bottom:26px;}
.section-heading h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:30px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.4px;margin:0;color:var(--pb-ink);}

/* bands */
.subject-band{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:52px 24px 8px;}
.subject-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;}
.subject-grid a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;min-height:132px;padding:20px 20px 18px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--pb-rule);border-radius:8px;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.35;color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .15s,transform .15s;}
.subject-grid a:hover{border-color:var(--pb-accent);transform:translateY(-2px);}
.subject-grid a::after{content:"\2192";font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:15px;color:var(--pb-accent);margin-top:14px;}
.standards-band{background:#EDF4F3;border-top:1px solid var(--pb-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--pb-rule);margin-top:44px;}
.standards-inner{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:48px 24px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(260px,.8fr);gap:56px;align-items:start;}
.standards-inner h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:32px;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.4px;margin:0 0 14px;color:var(--pb-ink);}
.standards-inner p{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.65;color:#3E5155;margin:0 0 18px;max-width:56ch;}
.standards-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-top:1px solid var(--pb-rule);}
.standards-list a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;padding:14px 2px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--pb-rule);font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;}
.standards-list a::after{content:"\2197";color:var(--pb-accent);}
.standards-list a:hover{color:var(--pb-accent);}

/* article + announcements */
.selected-research{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:52px 24px 20px;}
.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px;}
.article-grid .research-item{border-top:2px solid var(--pb-deep);padding-top:14px;}
.article-grid .research-item h3{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.36;font-weight:700;margin:8px 0 10px;}
.article-grid .research-item h3 a{color:var(--pb-ink);text-decoration:none;}
.article-grid .research-item h3 a:hover{color:var(--pb-accent);}
.article-kicker{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:9.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--pb-muted);}
.article-kicker span{color:var(--pb-accent);}
.article-grid .authors{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--pb-muted);margin:0 0 4px;}
.article-grid .metadata{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;color:#8B9799;margin:0;line-height:1.5;}
.empty-state{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15px;color:var(--pb-muted);border:1px dashed var(--pb-rule);border-radius:8px;padding:22px;}

/* author band */
.author-band{background:var(--pb-deep);color:#EAF3F4;margin-top:40px;}
.author-band .wrap{max-width:1320px;margin:0 auto;padding:44px 24px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;}
.author-band .eyebrow{color:#7FD0D8;}
.author-band h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:34px;letter-spacing:-.4px;margin:0;color:#fff;}
.author-band .wrap > div:last-child{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.author-band .text-link{color:#7FD0D8;}
.author-band .button{background:#fff;color:var(--pb-deep);}

/* journals listing */
.journal-feature-inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px;align-items:center;max-width:1320px;margin:26px auto 60px;padding:22px;border:1px solid var(--pb-rule);border-radius:10px;background:#fff;text-decoration:none;}
.journal-feature-inner img{width:150px;height:auto;display:block;box-shadow:0 16px 32px rgba(21,53,64,.16);}
.journal-feature-inner h2{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:28px;margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--pb-ink);}
.journal-feature-inner p{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--pb-muted);margin:0;}
.journal-feature-inner:hover{border-color:var(--pb-accent);}
.content-page > h1{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:44px;letter-spacing:-.6px;max-width:1320px;margin:44px auto 0;padding:0 24px;color:var(--pb-ink);}

@media (max-width:1000px){
  .publisher-hero .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .publisher-hero .hero-publication{grid-column:1;grid-row:auto;margin-top:28px;}
  .subject-grid,.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
  .standards-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px;}
}
@media (max-width:680px){
  .site-header .header-inner{padding-top:12px;}
  .site-header .menu-toggle{display:block;}
  .site-header #primary-navigation{gap:18px;font-size:11px;}
  .publisher-hero{padding:40px 0 36px;}
  .subject-grid,.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .standards-inner h2,.author-band h2{font-size:26px;}
  .journal-feature-inner{grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr);padding:16px;}
  .journal-feature-inner img{width:96px;}
}

/* mobile hardening */
@media (max-width:680px){
  html,body{max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden;}
  *,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box;}
  .wrap{width:auto !important;max-width:100% !important;}
  .site-header .header-inner{gap:8px 14px !important;padding:12px 16px 0 !important;flex-wrap:wrap !important;width:100% !important;}
  .site-header .brand{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2.4px;}
  .site-header .header-actions{gap:10px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;}
  .site-header .menu-toggle{display:block;}
  .site-header #primary-navigation{display:flex !important;flex-direction:row !important;flex-wrap:nowrap !important;
    flex:0 0 100% !important;width:100% !important;max-width:100% !important;gap:16px !important;align-items:center;
    overflow-x:auto !important;white-space:nowrap;padding:0 0 10px !important;margin-top:10px !important;font-size:10.5px !important;letter-spacing:1px;}
  .site-header #primary-navigation > a,.site-header .nav-dropdown{padding:9px 0 !important;flex:0 0 auto;}
  .site-header .dropdown-panel{display:none !important;}
  .publisher-hero{padding:30px 0 28px;}
  .publisher-hero .wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) !important;padding:0 16px !important;width:100% !important;}
  .publisher-hero h1{font-size:30px !important;line-height:1.1;max-width:none !important;letter-spacing:-.4px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
  .publisher-hero .hero-lead{font-size:15.5px !important;max-width:none !important;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
  .publisher-hero .hero-actions{gap:12px !important;flex-wrap:wrap;}
  .button{padding:10px 14px !important;font-size:10px !important;}
  .text-link{font-size:10.5px !important;}
  .publisher-hero .hero-publication{grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr) !important;gap:14px;margin-top:20px;}
  .publisher-hero .hero-publication img{width:80px !important;}
  .subject-band,.selected-research{padding:30px 16px 8px !important;width:100% !important;}
  .standards-inner{padding:30px 16px !important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) !important;gap:20px !important;width:100% !important;}
  .section-heading{gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
  .section-heading h2{font-size:22px !important;}
  .subject-grid,.article-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) !important;gap:12px;}
  .subject-grid a{min-height:88px;font-size:16.5px;min-width:0 !important;}
  .article-grid .research-item{min-width:0 !important;}
  .author-band .wrap{padding:28px 16px !important;width:100% !important;}
  .author-band h2{font-size:23px !important;}
  .journal-feature-inner{margin:16px !important;grid-template-columns:80px minmax(0,1fr) !important;gap:12px;min-width:0 !important;}
  .journal-feature-inner img{width:80px !important;}
  .journal-feature-inner h2{font-size:21px;}
  .content-page{padding:26px 16px 44px !important;width:100% !important;}
  .content-page > h1{font-size:28px !important;}
  footer .footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr !important;gap:16px;}
}

/* archive page */
.iv2-archive-head{max-width:780px;padding:8px 0 26px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);margin-bottom:8px;}
.iv2-archive-head .iv2-issue{margin:8px 0 14px;}
.iv2-archive-head .iv2-note{max-width:58ch;}
.iv2-archive-head .iv2-stats{margin-top:18px;}
.iv2-issue-row .iv2-title{font-size:26px;}

.iv2-stats dd{white-space:nowrap;}
footer .footer-brand a,footer .footer-brand a:visited,footer .footer-grid a,footer .legal a{color:#9FD8DE !important;}
footer .footer-brand a:hover,footer .footer-grid a:hover{color:#fff !important;}

/* portal pages: journals / about / contact */
.portal-page{max-width:1080px;}
.portal-lead{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:18px;line-height:1.62;color:#3E5155;max-width:68ch;margin:0 0 30px;}
.portal-section{margin:38px 0 0;}
.portal-section > h2{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding-bottom:9px;margin:0 0 18px;}
.portal-facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:0 32px;margin:0;}
.portal-fact{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-soft);}
.portal-fact dt{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.portal-fact dd{margin:0;font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ix-ink);text-align:right;}
.portal-links{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.portal-links li{padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-soft);font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:13px;color:var(--ix-muted);}
.portal-links a{color:var(--ix-accent);text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;}
.portal-links a:hover{text-decoration:underline;}
.portal-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(240px,1fr));gap:22px;}
.portal-columns h3{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:19px;margin:0 0 8px;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.portal-columns p{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65;color:#3E5155;margin:0;}
.portal-card{border:1px solid var(--ix-border);border-radius:10px;padding:18px 20px;background:#fff;}
.portal-card h3{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-deep);margin:0 0 10px;}
.portal-card a{color:var(--ix-accent);}
.portal-card-note{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:#3E5155;margin:10px 0 0;}
.portal-card-cta{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-accent);margin:12px 0 0;}
.subject-grid a span{display:block;font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--ix-muted);margin-top:6px;letter-spacing:0;}
@media (max-width:680px){.portal-fact{flex-direction:column;gap:2px;} .portal-fact dd{text-align:left;}}

/* announcements */
.announcement-item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ix-border);padding:22px 0;}
.announcement-meta{font-family:var(--ix-sans);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ix-accent);margin:0 0 8px;}
.announcement-title{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:24px;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 10px;color:var(--ix-ink);}
.announcement-item p, .announcement-item li{font-family:var(--ix-serif);font-size:15px;line-height:1.68;color:#3E5155;}
.announcement-item ul{margin:8px 0 12px;padding-left:1.2em;}